Azure interview

 Here are some common Azure interview questions with answers tailored for a fresher:

1. What is Microsoft Azure?

   • Answer: Microsoft Azure is a cloud computing platform that provides a wide range of services, such as computing, storage, databases, networking, analytics, and more. It allows businesses to build, test, deploy, and manage applications and services through Microsoft's data centers.

2. What are the main types of cloud services offered by Azure?

   • Answer: Azure offers three main types of cloud services:
     • Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): Provides virtualized computing resources over the internet (e.g., Azure Virtual Machines).
     • Platform as a Service (PaaS): Provides a platform allowing customers to develop, run, and manage applications without dealing with infrastructure management (e.g., Azure App Services).
     • Software as a Service (SaaS): Offers cloud-based applications over the internet (e.g., Office 365).

3. What are Azure Virtual Machines?

   • Answer: Azure Virtual Machines (VMs) are scalable computing resources in the cloud that provide on-demand, pay-as-you-go computing power. VMs allow users to run their applications and services on a cloud-based infrastructure without needing physical hardware.

4. What is Azure App Service?

   • Answer: Azure App Service is a fully managed platform for building, deploying, and scaling web apps, mobile backends, and RESTful APIs. It supports multiple programming languages like .NET, Java, Node.js, and Python.

5. What is Azure Active Directory (AD)?

   • Answer: Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) is Microsoft’s cloud-based identity and access management service. It helps employees sign in and access resources such as Microsoft 365, the Azure portal, and other SaaS applications.

6. What are Azure Regions?

   • Answer: Azure Regions are geographic locations where Microsoft has data centers. Each region consists of multiple data centers that provide redundancy and ensure data availability. Azure regions help users deploy services close to their customers for reduced latency.

7. What is Azure Blob Storage?

   • Answer: Azure Blob Storage is a service designed to store unstructured data such as text, images, and video. It is optimized for massive amounts of data and is commonly used for applications such as backup, disaster recovery, and storing media files.

8. What is the difference between Azure SQL Database and SQL Server on Azure VMs?

   • Answer:
     • Azure SQL Database is a fully managed PaaS service that handles most database management tasks such as backups, patching, and scaling automatically.
     • SQL Server on Azure VMs is an IaaS solution where you have full control of the SQL Server environment, but you're also responsible for managing and maintaining the virtual machine, backups, and software updates.

9. What is Azure Resource Manager (ARM)?

   • Answer: Azure Resource Manager (ARM) is a service that provides a management layer for all resources deployed in Azure. It allows users to create, update, and delete resources using templates and to group related resources for management and billing purposes.

10. What are Availability Sets in Azure?

    • Answer: Availability Sets are a feature that ensures that virtual machines deployed in Azure are distributed across multiple isolated hardware nodes. This ensures that if one node fails, the others continue to run, providing high availability for applications.

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For a fresher, the key is to understand the basic concepts and features of Azure, focusing on IaaS, PaaS, and storage solutions. Additionally, showing awareness of cloud best practices and Azure's global infrastructure will be helpful.

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Here’s a complete list of Azure interview questions ranging from basic to advanced, with answers to help you prepare comprehensively:

Basic Azure Interview Questions

1. What is Microsoft Azure?

   • Answer: Microsoft Azure is a cloud computing platform and service offered by Microsoft, providing a variety of cloud services like computing, analytics, storage, and networking. Users can pick and choose from these services to develop and scale new applications or run existing applications in the cloud.

2. What are the main types of cloud services in Azure?

   • Answer: The three primary cloud service types are:
     • IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service): Provides virtualized computing resources over the internet.
     • PaaS (Platform as a Service): Offers hardware and software tools over the internet, mainly for application development.
     • SaaS (Software as a Service): Provides access to cloud-based applications (e.g., Office 365).

3. What are Azure Virtual Machines (VMs)?

   • Answer: Azure VMs are scalable computing resources that let users run virtualized environments in the cloud. They offer full control of the operating system and can run any application that’s compatible with the OS.

4. What is Azure Blob Storage?

   • Answer: Azure Blob Storage is Microsoft's object storage solution for the cloud, optimized for storing massive amounts of unstructured data like images, videos, backups, and logs.

5. What are Azure Availability Zones?

   • Answer: Availability Zones are unique physical locations within an Azure region. Each zone is made up of one or more data centers, providing high availability and fault tolerance by ensuring that resources are spread across different zones to prevent downtime in case of failures.

6. What is Azure App Service?

   • Answer: Azure App Service is a fully managed platform for building, deploying, and scaling web apps. It supports multiple languages such as .NET, Node.js, PHP, Python, and Java.

7. What is Azure Active Directory (Azure AD)?

   • Answer: Azure AD is Microsoft's cloud-based identity and access management service, helping employees access resources like external SaaS applications (e.g., Microsoft 365) and internal resources such as apps on an internal network or in the cloud.

8. What is Azure SQL Database?

   • Answer: Azure SQL Database is a fully managed relational database service built on Microsoft SQL Server. It offers high availability, backups, scaling, and patching without user intervention.

9. What are Azure Regions?

   • Answer: Azure regions are geographical areas containing multiple data centers. These regions provide a range of Azure services and ensure redundancy for reliability and performance.

10. What are Resource Groups in Azure?

    • Answer: Resource Groups in Azure are containers that hold related resources for an Azure solution. It helps in managing, monitoring, and provisioning resources together as a group.

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Intermediate Azure Interview Questions

11. What is Azure Resource Manager (ARM)?

    • Answer: ARM is a deployment and management service in Azure that provides a consistent management layer for creating, updating, and deleting resources. With ARM, users can organize resources into resource groups and deploy them using ARM templates.

12. What are Azure Virtual Networks (VNets)?

    • Answer: VNets are fundamental building blocks in Azure’s networking service, allowing users to create isolated networks in the cloud. It enables VMs and other services to securely communicate with each other and on-premises networks.

13. What is Azure DevOps?

    • Answer: Azure DevOps is a suite of services that provides tools for managing the entire software development lifecycle. It includes features for version control, build automation, testing, and deployment.

14. What is Azure Traffic Manager?

    • Answer: Azure Traffic Manager is a DNS-based traffic load balancer that enables users to distribute traffic optimally to services across global Azure regions, providing high availability and performance.

15. What is Azure Functions?

    • Answer: Azure Functions is a serverless compute service that lets users run event-driven code without provisioning or managing infrastructure. It scales automatically based on demand and is used for tasks like background jobs and API integrations.

16. What is Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS)?

    • Answer: AKS is a managed Kubernetes service in Azure that simplifies deploying, managing, and operating Kubernetes clusters. It automates critical tasks like health monitoring and maintenance, allowing users to focus on container-based workloads.

17. How does Azure Load Balancer work?

    • Answer: Azure Load Balancer distributes incoming network traffic across multiple VMs or services. It works at Layer 4 (Transport layer) and helps ensure that services remain available and performant even when there is a heavy load.

18. What is Azure Logic Apps?

    • Answer: Azure Logic Apps is a cloud service that helps users automate workflows and business processes by integrating applications, data, and services across organizations.

19. What are Azure Availability Sets?

    • Answer: Availability Sets ensure that the VMs deployed within them are distributed across multiple isolated hardware nodes within a data center, providing redundancy to ensure high availability during hardware or software failures.

20. What is the difference between Azure SQL Database and SQL Server on Azure VMs?

    • Answer:
      • Azure SQL Database is a fully managed PaaS offering, handling maintenance tasks such as backups, patching, and scaling.
      • SQL Server on Azure VMs is an IaaS solution where users manage the SQL Server environment, providing full control over configuration but requiring manual management.

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Advanced Azure Interview Questions

21. What are Azure Managed Disks?

    • Answer: Azure Managed Disks are block-level storage volumes managed by Azure and used with Azure VMs. They eliminate the need for managing storage accounts when provisioning VM disks and provide enhanced durability, availability, and scalability.

22. What is the Azure Security Center?

    • Answer: Azure Security Center is a unified security management system that provides advanced threat protection across Azure resources and on-premises environments. It provides security recommendations, continuous monitoring, and threat detection.

23. What is Azure Data Lake?

    • Answer: Azure Data Lake is a scalable data storage and analytics service that allows users to capture, store, and analyze large amounts of structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data.

24. What is Azure Site Recovery?

    • Answer: Azure Site Recovery is a disaster recovery service that helps keep applications running during outages. It replicates workloads running on physical and virtual machines (VMs) to a secondary location to ensure business continuity.

25. What is Azure Policy?

    • Answer: Azure Policy is a service that enforces organizational standards and compliance by auditing and managing resources in Azure. It helps ensure that resources are compliant with organizational and regulatory policies.

26. What is the difference between Azure Availability Zones and Availability Sets?

    • Answer:
      • Availability Zones are physically separate locations within an Azure region, each consisting of independent power, cooling, and networking.
      • Availability Sets are a logical grouping of VMs within a data center that ensures the VM instances are spread across multiple hardware nodes.

27. What is Azure CDN?

    • Answer: Azure CDN (Content Delivery Network) is a service that accelerates content delivery by caching it at strategically placed physical nodes across the globe. It is used to reduce latency and provide high availability for web applications.

28. What is Azure API Management?

    • Answer: Azure API Management is a fully managed service that enables users to publish, secure, transform, maintain, and monitor APIs. It allows developers to expose their backend services as APIs and apply policies for traffic control, security, and versioning.

29. What is Azure Cosmos DB?

    • Answer: Azure Cosmos DB is a globally distributed, multi-model database service that provides high availability, low latency, and elastic scalability. It supports various data models, including key-value, document, column-family, and graph.

30. What are Azure Blueprints?

    • Answer: Azure Blueprints allow cloud architects and IT teams to define a repeatable set of Azure resources and policies that implement and maintain compliance with organizational standards. It helps automate the deployment of resource configurations.